Howard University Journal of African Studies (HUJAS)

Editor-in-Chief

Mohamed Saliou Camara, Howard University

Managing Editor

Alem Hailu, Howard University

Editor

Kehbuma Langmia, Howard University

Associate Editors

Msia Kibona Clark, Howard University

Esther Lisanza, Howard University

Leonard Muaka, Howard University

Benjamin Arah, Bowie State University

Jarpa Dawuni, Howard University

Elka Stevens, Howard University

Agnes Lucy Lando, Daystar University

Victor Gomia, Delaware State University

Flordeliz Bugarin, Howard University

Amy Yeboah, Howard University

Wendy Willems, London School of Economics and Political Science

Francis Nyamnjoh, University of Cape Town

International Advisory Board

Prof. Krista Johnson, Department of African Studies, Howard University

Prof. Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Department of African Studies, Howard University

Prof. Rubin Patterson, College of Arts and Sciences, Howard University

Prof. Dana Williams, Graduate School, Howard University

Prof. Mario Azevedo, Department of History and Philosophy, Jackson State University

Prof. Paul Ugor, Department of English Language and Literature, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Prof. Serges Kamga Djoyou, Faculty of Law, University of the Free State

Prof. Mohamed Béavogui, Independent Advisor to African Governments and International Organizations

Prof. Abdul Rahman Lamin, Social and Human Sciences, UNESCO Regional Office for Southern Africa